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Showing posts from March, 2023

My Own Centenary by EM Foster || Summary || BA Second Year || Essay || TU

EM Forster's "My Own Centenary" is an autobiographical essay in which he reflects on his life and work as he approaches his hundredth birthday. The essay is structured around a series of memories and musings that highlight key moments and themes in his life. Forster begins by reflecting on his childhood and upbringing, describing his parents and their influence on his development as a writer. He then discusses his early literary career, including his first novel, "Where Angels Fear to Tread," and his experiences teaching at a school in Alexandria, Egypt. The essay then turns to Forster's personal life, including his relationships with his mother and with his partner, Bob Buckingham. Forster writes openly about his homosexuality, describing the challenges he faced in a society that was not accepting of his sexuality. Throughout the essay, Forster also reflects on the role of the writer in society, discussing the ways in which literature can both reflect and c...

The Conservative by Ralph Waldo Emerson || Summary || BA Second Year || Essay || TU

  "The Conservative" is an essay written by American philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson in 1841, in which he criticizes conservatism as a political philosophy. He argues that conservatism is flawed because it stifles progress and inhibits individual freedom. Emerson asserts that conservatism relies on a narrow, limited view of the world that fails to recognize the full potential of human creativity and imagination. Conservatives cling to the past and resist new ideas, leading to stagnation and decay. Emerson believes that true progress requires a willingness to challenge established beliefs and institutions, to experiment with new ways of thinking and living, and to constantly push beyond the limits of what is currently known and accepted. Moreover, Emerson argues that conservatism is at odds with the fundamental principles of individual freedom and self-reliance. Conservatives seek to impose their own values and beliefs on others and to restrict the choices and actions of indiv...

Night and Moonlight by Henry David Thoreau || Summary || BA Second Year || Essay || TU

  "Night and Moonlight" is an essay by Henry David Thoreau, originally published in 1856. The essay explores the beauty and mysteries of the night and the moonlight. Thoreau begins by discussing the importance of darkness, which he believes is necessary for the proper functioning of the natural world. He writes that "the darkness of night is essential to the well-being of man and beast." He argues that darkness helps to balance the excessive stimulation of daylight, and allows for rest and rejuvenation. Thoreau then turns his attention to the moon, which he describes as "the queen of night." He notes that the moon is a symbol of change and transformation, and that it has inspired poets, philosophers, and scientists throughout history. He observes that the moon's light is not like the light of the sun, but rather a softer, more ethereal glow that seems to emanate from within the moon itself. Thoreau muses on the many different ways in which the moonligh...

The Silk Road in the World History by Alfred Andrea || Summary and Exercise || Class 11 Optional English

  About this Essay •This essay was written by an American writer Alfred Andrea. •It is a review essay about the Silk Road published in the journal "Asian Review of World Histories" in January 2014. •This essay explores the significance of the Silk Road in world history and its impact on the development of civilizations along its route. Summary : "The Silk Road in World History" by Alfred Andrea explores the historical significance of the Silk Road. It was a network of trade routes that connected the East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and culture between China, Central Asia, the Mediterranean, and Europe. This essay explores the significance of the Silk Road in world history and its impact on the development of civilizations along its route. The writer provides an overview of the Silk Road's geography and history, explaining how the route developed and why it was so important for economic, political, and cultural exchange. The Silk Roa...

Short Summaries of All 12 Stories || Class 12 Optional English

  (I most humbly request some plagiarists not to copy paste it in their websites or other platforms. Dear students, I wish you a happy reading ! Much love ❤️❤️ )  1. Brahmadatta and the Bunyan Deer (Buddhist tale) •Setting: Benaras(Kashi) in ancient India •Main characters: Brahmadatta, Bunyan deer king, Branch deer king, a pregnant doe •Themes: compassion, pity, non-violence, selflessness, harmony, coexistence of all creatures •Summary: "Brahmadatta and the Bunyan Deer" is a Buddhist tale which tells how the human king Brahmadatta gave up hunting and followed the principle of non-violence learning the lesson of compassion and pity from the bunyan deer. The setting of this story is Benaras. Brahmadatta was fond of hunting and eating deer meat. He bothered villagers and destroyed their crops. Villagers made a trap(stockade) to capture the herds of deer and help the king for his hunting. Two herds of deer were captured. As the two deer kings made the plan to go turn by tu...

What is Metalanguage by Lisa Tran || Class 12 Optional English || Summary

  "What is Metalanguage?" is an essay by Lisa Tran in which she explains the concept of metalanguage and its importance in academic writing. The essay provides an overview of what metalanguage is and why it is useful in analyzing language and communication. Tran begins by defining metalanguage as language that is used to describe or analyze other language. She notes that metalanguage is commonly used in academic writing, as it allows writers to critically analyze and discuss language and communication. The essay then provides examples of metalanguage in practice, such as using terms like "diction" or "syntax" to analyze the use of language in a literary text. Tran notes that metalanguage is useful because it allows writers to be precise in their analysis, and to communicate complex ideas in a clear and concise way. Tran also discusses the importance of using metalanguage correctly in academic writing. She notes that it is important to use metalanguage accu...

Once More to the Lake by EB White || Class 12 Optional English || Summary

  "Once More to the Lake" is a reflective essay by E.B. White about his visit to a lake he had frequented as a child with his father. The essay explores the themes of memory, time, and the passage of life. White describes his experience of revisiting the lake with his own son, and how the sights, sounds, and smells of the place trigger memories of his own childhood. As he spends time at the lake, White reflects on the passing of time and how he is now a father himself. Throughout the essay, White juxtaposes his memories of the past with his present experiences at the lake. He notes the changes that have occurred since his last visit, including the modernization of the cabins and the presence of motorboats on the lake. Despite these changes, White feels a strong connection to the place and is able to relive his memories of the past through his present experiences. White also reflects on the idea of mortality and how the passage of time is a reminder of our own mortality. He no...

Sir Roger at the Assizes by Joseph Addison || Class 12 Optional English || Summary

  "Sir Roger at the Assizes" is a satirical essay by British author Joseph Addison. The essay recounts the fictional account of Sir Roger, a wealthy and benevolent country gentleman who is called to serve on a jury at the local assizes, or trial court. Throughout the essay, Addison uses Sir Roger's experiences at the assizes to satirize various aspects of English society and culture. He pokes fun at the legal system, noting the absurdity of the lawyers' elaborate wigs and gowns and the convoluted language they use in court. Addison also satirizes the manners and behaviors of the other jurors and the local townspeople, describing them as boorish and uneducated. He contrasts their behavior with Sir Roger's gentlemanly demeanor, highlighting the contrast between his kindness and generosity and their crassness and ignorance. Furthermore, Addison uses the essay to comment on the changing nature of English society in the early 18th century. He notes the rise of a new cl...

The Case for Xanthippe by Robert Graves || Class 12 Optional English || Summary

  In his essay "The Case for Xanthippe," Robert Graves defends the character of Xanthippe, the wife of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. Graves argues that Xanthippe has been unfairly portrayed by history and literature as a shrewish and abusive woman, and that she deserves to be seen in a more positive light. Graves begins by examining the various depictions of Xanthippe in literature and philosophy. He notes that she is often portrayed as a nagging and unpleasant woman, and that her reputation has been tarnished by these portrayals. However, Graves suggests that these depictions of Xanthippe are unfair and inaccurate. He argues that she was a strong and intelligent woman who played an important role in Socrates' life and career. Graves suggests that Xanthippe may have been unfairly maligned by male writers who were uncomfortable with the idea of a woman who was equal to or even superior to her husband in intellect and personality. Furthermore, Graves argues that X...

Man and the Battle of Life by Siri Aurobindo || Class 12 Optional English || Summary

  In his essay "Man and the Battle of Life," Sri Aurobindo examines the nature of human life and the struggles that individuals face. He argues that human beings are engaged in a constant battle against the limitations of the physical world and the limitations of their own nature. Aurobindo explores various aspects of the battle of life, including the conflict between the individual and society, the struggle between the mind and the senses, and the battle against death itself. He argues that these struggles are inherent in the human condition and cannot be avoided. Furthermore, Aurobindo suggests that the battle of life can be a source of spiritual growth and development. He argues that by embracing our struggles and seeking to overcome them, we can transcend our limitations and achieve a higher state of consciousness. Aurobindo also discusses the role of religion and spirituality in the battle of life. He suggests that religion can provide a framework for understanding our s...

What is rhetoric? What are the three types of appeal in rhetoric?

  What is rhetoric? What are the three types of appeal? Ans: Rhetoric is the art of using language effectively to persuade, influence, or impress others. It involves the use of language to communicate ideas, opinions, or arguments in a way that is clear, convincing, and powerful. The term "rhetoric" comes from the Greek word "rhetorike," which means "the art of speaking." Rhetoric involves the use of various strategies and techniques to communicate effectively. These may include the use of rhetorical devices such as metaphors, similes, and hyperbole to create vivid imagery and make a point more memorable. It may also involve the use of logical appeals, emotional appeals, and ethical appeals to persuade an audience. Rhetoric has been studied for thousands of years and has been used in various fields such as politics, law, literature, and advertising. It is an important skill for anyone who wants to be an effective communicator or persuader, as it helps ...