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Showing posts with the label Class 11 Optional English (New Course)

Sonnet-18 by William Shakespeare

Sonnet-18 -William Shakespeare (British poet and dramatist) Summary  “Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day” is a sonnet written by a famous English poet and dramatist, William Shakespeare. The poet praises the beauty of his beloved in this poem. The poet asks his beloved a flattering question if he can compare her to a summer’s day. Immediately, he dismisses this idea and says that his beloved’s beauty is more pleasant and lovelier than that of summer. According to him, summer’s day is short and rough winds in summer disturb the buds. Sometimes the sun shines too brightly and it’s too hot and other times the sun hides behind clouds. He asserts that the beauty of all natural things fades away with the course of time but the beauty of his beloved is eternal(never-ending). He says that he has preserved her beauty in the lines of poetry. Even death will not be proud of taking her. She may die physically but her beauty will remain forever in the line of poetry. He concludes tha...

The Silk Road in the World History by Alfred Andrea || Summary and Exercise || Class 11 Optional English

  About this Essay •This essay was written by an American writer Alfred Andrea. •It is a review essay about the Silk Road published in the journal "Asian Review of World Histories" in January 2014. •This essay explores the significance of the Silk Road in world history and its impact on the development of civilizations along its route. Summary : "The Silk Road in World History" by Alfred Andrea explores the historical significance of the Silk Road. It was a network of trade routes that connected the East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and culture between China, Central Asia, the Mediterranean, and Europe. This essay explores the significance of the Silk Road in world history and its impact on the development of civilizations along its route. The writer provides an overview of the Silk Road's geography and history, explaining how the route developed and why it was so important for economic, political, and cultural exchange. The Silk Roa...

Of Studies by Francis Bacon || Class 11 Optional English || Summary and Exercise

  Summary: "Of Studies" is an essay written by Francis Bacon, who is considered one of the most influential English Renaissance thinkers. The essay is primarily concerned with the purpose, benefits, and drawbacks of studying. Bacon begins by stating that "studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability." He argues that studying for pleasure or amusement is perfectly acceptable, but studying for practical reasons is more beneficial. Bacon suggests that knowledge can be a source of power, and that people who possess knowledge are more likely to be successful in their endeavors. Bacon then discusses the importance of reading, writing, and speaking. He emphasizes that reading should be done with care and attention to detail, and that writing should be clear and concise. He also argues that speaking should be precise and well-articulated, in order to convey one's thoughts effectively. The essay also touches on the potential drawbacks of studying, such as...

Letter from the New Land by Christopher Columbu || Class 11 Optional English || Summary and Exercise

  Summary : "Letter from the new land" is a letter written by Christopher Columbus in 1493 to the King and Queen of Spain, reporting on his discoveries during his first voyage(सामुन्द्रीक यात्रा) to the Americas. In the letter, Columbus describes the land he has encountered(faced), its people, and its resources. Columbus begins by describing the islands he has discovered, including their size, climate, and vegetation(plants). He mentions the people he has encountered, whom he describes as "timid(shy)".  Columbus initially viewed the native people he encountered during his first voyage as friendly and hospitable. He described them as being "very simple and honest," and expressed his admiration for their lack of material possessions and their generosity in sharing what they did have. However, Columbus also saw the native people as potential converts to Christianity, and he believed that it was his duty to bring them under the rule of the Spanish monarchs....

Our House is on Fire by Greta Thunberg || Summary || Class 11 || Optional English

  Who is Greta Thunberg? Greta Thunberg is a Swedish climate activist who gained international attention for her efforts to raise awareness about climate change and demand action from world leaders. She first gained prominence in 2018 at the age of 15, when she began protesting outside the Swedish parliament during school hours, holding a sign that read "Skolstrejk för klimatet" (School strike for climate). Her actions inspired a global youth-led movement, with millions of students around the world participating in similar protests. Since then, Thunberg has become a leading voice in the climate movement, speaking at numerous international conferences and events, and meeting with world leaders to demand action on climate change. She has been recognized for her activism with numerous awards, including TIME magazine's Person of the Year for 2019, and has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize multiple times. About this Essay: -This essay is a speech delivered by Greta...

The Boor by Anton Chekhov || Summary || Class 11 || Optional English

The play “The Boor” is a farce. It is full of many absurd situations and remarks. There are three main characters in the play and they all make us laugh with their absurd behavior and comments. Popova is a widow. Her husband died seven months ago, but she is still in mourning. Her servant, Luka advises her to give up her mourning. He advises her to see her neighbors, but she says that she will keep on mourning until her death. In the meanwhile, Smirnov comes to take 1200 roubles from Popova. Her husband used to buy oat from him. Popova tells him that her steward is out and she will pay him the day after tomorrow. However, Smirnov insists on taking the money that day. He behaves rudely. He even makes fun of Popova’s mourning and her state of mind. Popova also becomes rude. They speak against each other’s sex and use insulting words. Smirnov thinks that he has been insulted. He challenges Popova to fight a duel. Popova accepts the challenge and brings her husband’s revolver. However, she...

Our House is on Fire || Greta Thunberg || Grade 11 || Optional English || Summary and Exercise

  Summary : The given text is the speech delivered by a sixteen-year-old climate activist, Greta Thunberg, in the World Economic Forum's Annual Meeting 2019 , held in Davos, Switzerland. She presented a heartfelt, urgent, and candid message saying, "I don't want your hope. I don 't want you to be hopeful. I want you to panic." She had presented the issues of climate change in the world, in front of dignified speakers, and the leaders around the world. In the speech, she has persuaded the leaders and people of the world to take the issue with utmost urgency and start fixing it now before it is too late. She warns people with the consequences of the powerful methane gas released from the thawing Arctic permafrost, reduction of CO2 emissions, and the global warming. She also talks about failure of political leaders, people, and the media to create broad public awareness, treating climate crisis as a crisis. In the speech she urges people to act urgently as if ou...

The Myth of Prometheus || Greek Mythology || Grade 11 || Optional English || Summary and Exercise

  Summary : Prometheus stood against his father Iapetus who headed the revolt against the Gods. He helped Zeus to relieve from his headache by hitting him in the head with a stone. The Goddess Athena emerged from Zeus' head soon after the stone hit Zeus's head. Athena breathed life into the clay figures made by Prometheus and his brother, Epimetheus . The figures that Prometheus had created became Man, and the ones created by Epimetheus became the beasts. Zeus was angered by the brothers' actions and demanded a sacrifice from Man to the Gods. Prometheus instructed Man to sacrifice an ox and made them place the sacrifice into two bags. In one bag, the bones and the fat to cover them were kept, and in the other the meat and the intestines to conceal the meat were kept. Prometheus called for Zeus and asked to choose the portion of the sacrifice. Zeus chose the bag with the fat on top. Zeus became angry to find the bones of the ox as the offering. So he asked the ...

Half a Day by Naguib Mahfouz || Grade 11 || Optional English || Summary and Exercise

  About the Author: •Naguib Mahfouz is an Egyptian author who became popular after receiving the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988 AD. About this Story: •It was originally written in Arabic •Published in 1989 as a part of a short story collection called “The False Dawn”. •It is a short story about a young child who doesn't want to go to school on his first day, he sees school as a punishment. •Narrator: A young schoolboy •Themes: fatherhood, cycle of life, love, friendship •Moral: Cherish every moment of life because time is not something we can get back. Characters : 1. A young child- He is a narrator of this story. He is taken to school by his father on his first day. While returning he himself has become a middle-aged man. 2. His father- He takes his son to school though his son was unwilling to go. Summary: "Half a Day" is a short story which was originally written in Arabic by an Egyptian author Naguib Mahfouz. It is about a young child who doesn't ...

The Cactus by O. Henry || Class 11 || Optional English || Summary and Exercise

  About this story : -O. Henry is the pen name of an American writer William Sydney Porter -Published in 1917 AD -Setting(time and place) : apartment building -Moral of this story: Truth will always be revealed. Lies are deceitful. Always pay attention to the details. Characters : 1. Trysdale- He is the protagonist of the story. He is a pretentious, egoistic and vain young man who loved a girl. He told a lie to his girlfriend that he knew Spanish language. He did so just to impress her but he lost her due to his lie. 2. Trysdale's girlfriend- She is a sweet young lady that loved Trysdale. She married to another man because Trysdale couldn't understand her message written in Spanish. 3. Girl's brother- Trysdale's friend Summary : The Story Cactus by O. Henry is a story of a boy named Trysdale. He was in love with a girl. Later on, he had to separate with her due his own lie. At the beginning of the story he was seen drinking alone at an apartment and his frien...